Genf, Welthauptstadt der Rohstoffe |
Für uns Schweizer speziell interessant, sind einige anekdotische Details, die der FP-Autor Ken Silverstein zum Besten gibt. Voralllem, weil sie illustrieren, welch erschreckendes Image die Schweiz im internationalen Business hat:
Silverstein berichtet in seinem Artikel "Giant Among Giants" über ein Dinner mit zwei Rohstoffhändlern, auf der Terrasse des noblen "Au P'tit Bonheur" in Genf im letzten Sommer:
"We're all bandits here," one of the men told me when I asked what made Switzerland such an attractive base for traders. "You can be accepted as long as you bring a lot of money."
His friend heartily agreed, saying, "You have to pay your parking and your taxes and respect your neighbors, but if you want to cut a deal with a bandit, it's OK."
Warum Rohtsoffhändler wie Glencore-Gründer Marc Rich ihre Unternehmen in de Schweiz ansiedeln ist für den US-amerikanischen Autor klar:
"It's not a surprise that Rich chose to start his firm in Switzerland, which protects businesses with strict bank and corporate secrecy rules. Another draw, particularly for commodities traders, is Switzerland's political neutrality and corresponding aversion to enforcing international sanctions. The country only joined the United Nations in 2002; until then, companies headquartered there could supply regimes subject to U.N. embargoes, as a number of oil traders did in the case of the South African apartheid state. Switzerland is not a member of the European Union, though, so Swiss-based oil traders are not required, for example, to abide by a new EU ban on importing or marketing Iranian crude."
Die Schwiez liegt auch geographisch ideal, nicht zuletzt für Rohstoffhändler aus Übersee, die mit Afrika oder Russland dealen. Das Geschäft und spezielle die Bestechungspraktiken haben sich aber geändert in den letzten Jahren:
"Ten years ago, I'd get on a plane with money straight from the bank to spread around; that's how deals were done," one longtime Swiss trader who worked mostly in Africa told me. "Now you sign a contract with an offshore company that's owned by the relative of some government official you need. The company may not be strictly legitimate or conduct any real business for you, but everybody's happy."
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